जीवन

Peruvian poet and writer, hailed as one of the greatest poetic innovators of the 20th century, whose work continues to resonate globally

German theologian and Lutheran pastor known for his resistance to the Nazi regime and his global advocacy for human rights

English physicist and Nobel laureate who shared the 1937 Nobel Prize for discovering electron diffraction, demonstrating the wave nature of electrons

Russian-French chess player, writer, and jurist, known as the fourth World Chess Champion who held the title for two reigns, revolutionizing strategic play and chess theory.

English physicist and Nobel laureate known for his investigations of the ionosphere and the discovery of the Appleton layer, which advanced radar and shortwave radio

Japanese writer, novelist, poet, and literary critic, regarded as the "father of the Japanese short story," after whom the Akutagawa Prize is named

French theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate known for postulating the wave nature of electrons and all matter, a foundational concept in quantum mechanics

Canadian American film actress and producer, pioneering Hollywood's silent era as "America's Sweetheart" and the "Queen of the Movies," who became Hollywood's first millionaire and defined the ingénue archetype

Yugoslav communist revolutionary and statesman who led Yugoslavia as prime minister and president, commanded the Yugoslav Partisans in WWII, and co-founded the Non-Aligned Movement

English writer and philologist known for creating the high fantasy works 'The Hobbit' and 'The Lord of the Rings'