American astronaut and test pilot, one of the original Mercury Seven, and the second American to fly in space

American theoretical physicist and science administrator known as the "father of the atomic bomb" for his leadership of the Manhattan Project

Chilean musician, folklorist, and visual artist who pioneered the Nueva Canción Chilena and wrote 'Gracias a la Vida'

Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, and pedagogue best known for developing the internationally recognized Kodály method of music education

Former Prime Minister of Iran, author, and politician known for implementing policies of Mosaddeghism during his 1951-1953 tenure

First chancellor of West Germany (1949-1963) and founding father of the European Union who rebuilt Germany as a democratic state

American geneticist who discovered X-ray induced mutations and warned of radiation dangers

American writer and social activist best known as a leader of the Harlem Renaissance and an innovator of jazz poetry

American realist painter and printmaker renowned for his iconic depictions of modern American life and landscapes

American actress and Playboy Playmate known as a sex symbol of the 1950s and early 1960s, celebrated for her distinctive persona and film work

American actor known for his natural performing style and versatility, the first to win two consecutive Academy Awards for Best Actor, appearing in 75 films

American poet, short story writer, critic, and satirist celebrated for her caustic wit and sharp observations of urban life

American writer and editor who won three Pulitzer Prizes for his poetry and biography of Abraham Lincoln, widely regarded as a major figure in contemporary literature

South African anti-apartheid activist, teacher, and politician who served as President-General of the African National Congress from 1952 until 1967

Brazilian military leader and politician who served as the first president of the military dictatorship following the 1964 coup d'état

American jazz saxophonist, bandleader, and composer, recognized as one of the most influential figures in jazz and 20th-century music

British actress known for her Academy Award-winning roles as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind and Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire

British personal manager and impresario known for discovering and managing The Beatles from 1961 until his death in 1967

American stage and film actor renowned for his intense preparation and transformative performances

Belgian surrealist artist known for his thought-provoking depictions of everyday objects in dreamlike settings, influencing pop art, minimalist art, and conceptual art

British physicist who shared the 1951 Nobel Prize for splitting the atomic nucleus, a foundational step for nuclear power and atomic weapons

Japanese diplomat and politician who served as Prime Minister during the post-WWII occupation, forging strong ties with the U.S. and spearheading economic recovery

Last Emperor of China and Manchukuo who later became a writer, archivist, and gardener

Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, and guerrilla leader who became a major figure of the Cuban Revolution and a global countercultural symbol

English physical chemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his groundbreaking researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions and expertise in chemical kinetics

Prolific French author, biographer, historian, novelist, and critic known for his insightful works across various genres and for making complex subjects accessible

British statesman and politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951 and was the longest-serving Labour Party leader

British politician, writer, and Nobel Peace laureate who championed peace by arguing that economic interdependence made war irrational and self-defeating

American singer-songwriter whose folk songs, like "This Land Is Your Land," captured the spirit of the working class and addressed social injustice

Jewish-Polish biochemist who formulated the concept of vitamins, fundamentally altering understanding of nutrition and disease

American politician known as 'Cactus Jack' who served as Vice President under Franklin D. Roosevelt and Speaker of the House

Australian politician who served as the 17th Prime Minister of Australia from 1966 until his disappearance in 1967

American singer and songwriter known as the "King of Soul," whose heartfelt performances left an enduring mark on music