Ukraine

Austrian-American psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, sex educator, and sociologist known for his radical theories and influential works like <em>The Mass Psychology of Fascism</em>

Austrian novelist and journalist best known for his family saga Radetzky March and his novel of Jewish life Job

French physicist who invented the multiwire proportional chamber and received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992

Ukrainian politician and economist who served as the first President of Ukraine, leading the nation to independence from the Soviet Union

Russian-French immunologist, embryologist, and biologist, Nobel laureate for his foundational work on immunity and phagocytosis

Austrian-American economist and philosopher known for defending classical liberalism and market economics, particularly through his theory of praxeology

Russian philosopher and Christian existentialist who emphasized human freedom and the spiritual significance of the human person

Estonian teacher and linguist best known as the creator of Interlingue (Occidental), an international auxiliary language

French-Romanian poet and translator, Holocaust survivor, known for his unique German-language poetry and profound literary contributions

Russian Marxist revolutionary, central figure in the October Revolution and Russian Civil War, whose ideas founded Trotskyism

Polish writer, poet, and aphorist known for his ironic philosophical-moral aphorisms and lyric poetry, recognized as one of the most influential aphorists of the 20th century