Quen naceu en 1912

American painter widely known for his "drip technique" and as a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement

German American biochemist who received the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discoveries on cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism

Expatriate British novelist, poet, dramatist, and travel writer known for works like Bitter lemons and his correspondence with Henry Miller

German photographer, known as the longtime companion and later wife of Adolf Hitler, who also worked as a photo lab technician and model

British statesman who uniquely held all four Great Offices of State and served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

German and American aerospace engineer and space architect who led rocket technology development in Nazi Germany and later in the US space program

American actor, stage actor, and film director who won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for 'A Streetcar Named Desire'

American First Lady known for extensive travels, volunteerism, and resilience

American chemist, university teacher, and nuclear physicist who shared the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for synthesizing and discovering transuranium elements and developing the actinide concept

Japanese association football player and coach who represented the Japan national team and contributed to the sport's development

Supreme Leader of North Korea from 1948 to 1994, founder of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Norwegian figure skater and actress, a three-time Olympic champion and ten-time World champion who later starred in Hollywood films

Chinese-American physicist known for the Wu experiment, disproving parity conservation, and contributions to the Manhattan Project

American biochemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his pioneering research on neurotransmitters and the pineal gland

English-born Australian writer and the only Australian Nobel laureate in Literature, known for his complex literary style and satirical exploration of Australian society

Hungarian politician and economist who served as General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party for 32 years

American chemist and Nobel laureate recognized for developing the use of boron-containing compounds in organic synthesis

German physicist and philosopher known for nuclear research during WWII and extensive writings on science and ethics

English computer scientist and cryptographer widely considered the father of theoretical computer science, known for formalizing computation with the Turing machine

American economist and statistician, Nobel laureate, intellectual leader of the Chicago school of economics who championed monetarism

American singer-songwriter whose folk songs, like "This Land Is Your Land," captured the spirit of the working class and addressed social injustice

Japanese association football player who represented the Japan national team, contributing to the sport's early development in his country

American physicist who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize for his independent discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

German communist politician and leader of East Germany for nearly two decades, serving as General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party and Chairman of the State Council, known for close ties to the Soviet Union

American dancer, actor, director, and choreographer known for his energetic style and pioneering 'dance for the common man'

Italian novelist, poet, and translator whose novel <em>La storia</em> was included in the Bokklubben World Library List of 100 Best Books of All Time

American chef, author, and television personality who introduced French cuisine to the American public through her iconic cookbook, Mastering the Art of French Cooking, and her television series, The French Chef

Italian American microbiologist and Nobel laureate known for discoveries on viral replication and genetic structure

Brazilian writer, poet, and novelist known for his modernist works translated into 49 languages, depicting a Mestiço Brazil and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature multiple times

Swedish architect, businessman, diplomat, and humanitarian who saved thousands of Jews in German-occupied Hungary during the Holocaust by issuing protective passports and creating safe houses

Italian film director and screenwriter best known for his 'alienation trilogy' and influential contributions to world art cinema

Japanese association football player who represented his nation on the Japan national team

American avant-garde composer, artist, and music theorist known for pioneering indeterminacy in music and expanding the definition of sound

Italian pope who served for 33 days in 1978, known as the "Smiling Pope" for his warm, accessible leadership style

Soviet academic, historian, ethnologist, and philosopher known for his unorthodox theories of ethnogenesis and as an exponent of Eurasianism

German politician, last crown prince of Austria-Hungary, and long-serving head of the House of Habsburg, known for advocating European unity

Romanian-American cell biologist, physician, and Nobel laureate who discovered ribosomes and pioneered electron microscopy techniques

First Lady of the United States, politician, and entrepreneur known for her dignified service and quiet strength during the 1960s

Italian film producer, screenwriter, and director who reinvigorated Italian cinema after World War II with over 140 acclaimed productions