Adolphe Quetelet17961874Belgian astronomer, mathematician, and statistician who founded the Brussels Observatory and introduced statistical methods to the social sciences
Nicolas Carnot17961832French physicist, engineer, and the father of thermodynamics, known for his foundational work on the maximum efficiency of heat engines
Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot17961875French landscape and portrait painter and printmaker, known for bridging Neo-Classicism and Impressionism through his plein-air innovations