Gregor Mendel18221884Moravian scientist and Augustinian friar who established the fundamental laws of heredity through his pea plant experiments, recognized posthumously as the founder of modern genetics
Elias Lönnrot18021884Finnish polymath who created the national epic Kalevala from traditional oral poetry and authored the first scientific text written in Finnish
Paul Morphy18371884American chess player and theoretician acknowledged as the world's greatest chess master during his brief career, whose advanced style was far ahead of his time