Born and died in 1908

Jewish Austrian Holocaust survivor and renowned Nazi hunter who dedicated his life to documenting wartime atrocities and bringing perpetrators to justice

American physical chemist who developed radiocarbon dating, revolutionizing archaeology and palaeontology

Portuguese film director, screenwriter, and actor known for his exceptionally long and prolific career, directing films for over 80 years from Douro, Faina Fluvial (1931) to Hitler in Hollywood (2011)

French composer, organist, and ornithologist known for his innovative 20th-century classical music and influential teaching

American chemist and geneticist who, with Martha Chase, confirmed DNA as the genetic material, earning a Nobel Prize for his work on bacteriophages

Belgian-born French anthropologist and ethnologist whose work was key in the development of structuralism and structural anthropology

Japanese association football player who represented the Japan national team

American politician and senator from Wisconsin known for his anti-communist campaign during the Cold War, which led to the term "McCarthyism"

Japanese association football player who represented the national team and is the father of lighting designer Motoko Ishii

Polish-born British-naturalised physicist and Nobel Peace laureate, recognized for his work towards nuclear disarmament after leaving the Manhattan Project due to his conscience

Italian lawyer, politician, and university professor who served as the 6th President of Italy from 1971 to 1978

Soviet physicist and Nobel laureate recognized for his explanation of Cherenkov radiation

Pioneer Brazilian novelist, poet, playwright, and co-founder of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, revered as the greatest writer of Brazilian literature

French experimental physicist who discovered spontaneous radioactivity and won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics

English politician, trade unionist, and pacifist who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1903 for his advocacy of international arbitration

American lawyer and politician who served as the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, the only president to serve nonconsecutive terms

Indian religious leader, author, and theologian who founded the Ahmadiyya movement and claimed to be the promised Messiah, Mahdi, and Krishna