Lithuanian-American archaeologist known for her pioneering research into Old Europe and the Kurgan hypothesis of Indo-European origins

Romanian-French playwright and intellectual who pioneered the Theatre of the Absurd, transforming 20th-century avant-garde theatre with works like The Bald Soprano

German-American writer known for his raw and honest poetry, novels, and short stories depicting ordinary life and societal struggles

German communist politician and leader of East Germany for nearly two decades, serving as General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party and Chairman of the State Council, known for close ties to the Soviet Union

British chemist and crystallographer who advanced X-ray crystallography for biomolecules and was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Nobel Prize-winning Bulgarian-born Swiss and British Jewish modernist writer known for his novels, plays, and non-fiction works

Austrian-British philosopher known for falsificationism, critical rationalism, and founding the London School of Economics Philosophy Department

Brazilian composer, songwriter, and musician known as one of the fathers of bossa nova for merging samba with cool jazz