French philosopher, author, and journalist who received the 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature for his clear-sighted illumination of the human conscience in his works

Italian cyclist known as Il Campionissimo, who won the Giro d'Italia five times and the Tour de France twice, excelling in climbing, time trialing, and sprinting

King and Emir of Afghanistan who secured the nation's independence in 1919 and pursued an independent foreign policy

German physicist who won the 1914 Nobel Prize for discovering X-ray diffraction by crystals, founding modern crystallography

German astronomer and astrophysicist known for his extensive academic publications and work in the United States

Austrian writer whose novel <em>Menschen im Hotel</em> became an international sensation, adapted into film and musical

British film director, screenwriter, producer, and actor, known for his work in early cinema and as a founder and president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

Austrian-British psychoanalyst renowned for developing object relations theory and her contributions to child analysis

German Grand Admiral and historian who led the Kriegsmarine during the first half of World War II and was convicted of war crimes