Alexander II of Russia18181881The 12th Emperor of Russia, known as Alexander the Liberator for abolishing serfdom in 1861
Jacob Burckhardt18181897Swiss historian, author, and art historian known for his seminal work <i>The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy</i> and his pioneering role in establishing cultural history
Charles Gounod18181893French Romantic composer famous for operas "Faust" and "Roméo et Juliette," plus beloved "Ave Maria"
Ignaz Semmelweis18181865Hungarian physician who pioneered antiseptic hand washing procedures and reduced maternal mortality from childbed fever by requiring healthcare workers to disinfect their hands
Charles Marie René Leconte de Lisle18181894French poet and Parnassian movement leader, known for works like Poèmes barbares and Poèmes tragiques
Ivan Turgenev18181883Russian author, poet, and novelist who was instrumental in popularizing Russian literature in the West with his insightful portrayals of society and human nature