German painter and printmaker, a leading figure of Impressionism in Germany, and an influential collector of French Impressionist art

Scottish Nobel prize-winning physician and physiologist, co-discoverer of insulin and devoted researcher in carbohydrate metabolism

British archaeologist, army officer, and diplomat famed as Lawrence of Arabia for his World War I role in the Arab Revolt

Russian avant-garde artist and art theorist, founder of Suprematism, who pioneered abstract painting in the 20th century

The most prominent figure in the history of tango, an Uruguayan singer, songwriter, and actor recognized worldwide for his influential interpretation of popular music and a rich vocal range

French artillery officer whose wrongful conviction for espionage sparked the historic Dreyfus affair, exposing antisemitism and judicial error in France

French author, poet, and political activist known for his influential World War I novel, "Under Fire," which helped define the Lost Generation movement

Queen consort of the Belgians known for her dedication to charitable causes supporting women and children

American feminist, writer, artist, and lecturer who championed women's rights, economic independence, and social reform through works like "The Yellow Wallpaper" and "Women and Economics"

French Neo-Impressionist painter and graphic artist known for co-developing the Pointillism technique with Georges Seurat

British politician and trade unionist, Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and the first Labour cabinet minister who led the party in three different decades

Portuguese poet, writer, and philosopher, celebrated for his innovative heteronymic system, including Alberto Caeiro, Ricardo Reis, and Álvaro de Campos

French writer, playwright and critic who was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times, known for psychological novels like "Cosmopolis" and "Cruelle énigme"

Austrian composer known for integrating Romantic lyricism with the twelve-tone technique, leaving a powerful and expressive legacy in 20th-century classical music

Jewish-German journalist, satirist, and writer known for his sharp social and political commentary and use of pseudonyms

French chemist and Nobel laureate who discovered the Grignard reagent, revolutionizing the synthesis of organic compounds

French physiologist, immunologist, and parapsychologist who won the 1913 Nobel Prize for his discovery of anaphylaxis and coined the term 'ectoplasm'