Born and died in 1818

First Lady of the United States known for her strong support of President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War and her personal struggles

American anthropologist and social theorist known for his ethnography of the Iroquois and theories on kinship and social evolution

Russian author, poet, and novelist who was instrumental in popularizing Russian literature in the West with his insightful portrayals of society and human nature

French poet and Parnassian movement leader, known for works like Poèmes barbares and Poèmes tragiques

English novelist and poet best known for her iconic novel Wuthering Heights

Hungarian physician who pioneered antiseptic hand washing procedures and reduced maternal mortality from childbed fever by requiring healthcare workers to disinfect their hands

French Romantic composer famous for operas "Faust" and "Roméo et Juliette," plus beloved "Ave Maria"

Swiss historian, author, and art historian known for his seminal work <i>The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy</i> and his pioneering role in establishing cultural history

The 12th Emperor of Russia, known as Alexander the Liberator for abolishing serfdom in 1861

American social reformer, writer, orator, and abolitionist who rose from slavery to become a leading voice for African-American civil rights in the 19th century

First Lady of the United States, influential advisor to President John Adams, and mother of President John Quincy Adams, known for her prolific and insightful letters

French mathematician who invented descriptive geometry and founded differential geometry, revolutionizing technical drawing and engineering design

King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway from 1814, known for uniting the crowns and establishing the Bernadotte dynasty