Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet18051859German mathematician who pioneered analytic number theory, advanced Fourier series, and provided the modern definition of a function
Giuseppe Mazzini18051872Italian nationalist activist, politician, journalist, and philosopher widely known as the "Prophet of Italian Nationalism" for his work in unifying Italy
Alexis de Tocqueville18051859French political thinker, historian, and diplomat renowned for his analyses of democracy and social conditions in Western societies, particularly in <i>Democracy in America</i>
Ferdinand de Lesseps18051894French diplomat and entrepreneur known for developing the Suez Canal, which joined the Mediterranean and Red Seas in 1869