生平

American biochemist who received the Nobel Prize for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone, oxytocin

American politician and gay rights activist who became the first openly gay man elected to public office in California

American cultural anthropologist, author, and speaker known for her studies on culture and human behavior, frequently appearing in mass media

Australia's longest-serving Prime Minister and inaugural leader of the Liberal Party

Afghan military officer and politician who became the first President of Afghanistan after leading the 1973 coup

Japanese association football player born in Hyōgo Prefecture, active in the early 20th century

Soviet Armenian composer, conductor, and politician recognized as one of the leading Soviet composers

American politician who served as the 38th Vice President of the United States and twice as a U.S. Senator for Minnesota, known for his leadership in modern liberalism

Japanese association football player remembered for his contributions to the sport in Japan

Italian politician and 3rd President of Italy, renowned for his efforts to bring about an 'opening to the left' and his influential role during Italy's post-war era and decolonization

Spanish footballer, coach, and administrator who served as Real Madrid's president for over 34 years, profoundly shaping its history

British chemist awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1967 for his studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing equilibrium with short pulses of energy

Algerian military officer and politician who served as the second head of state of independent Algeria from 1965 until his death in 1978, first as Chairman of the Revolutionary Council and then as President

Greek-Italian artist and writer who founded the scuola metafisica art movement, known for his enigmatic paintings and profound influence on surrealism

Swedish physicist and university teacher known for his Nobel Prize-winning discoveries and research in X-ray spectroscopy

Belgian singer, actor, and composer known as a master of the modern chanson, who generated a large, devoted following worldwide

Swedish writer, poet, and former sailor, Harry Martinson was a Nobel laureate in Literature in 1974, known for his ability to 'catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos'

First Prime Minister and President of self-governing Kenya, playing a significant role in its transformation from a British colony to an independent republic

Italian politician, professor, and diplomat who served five terms as Prime Minister of Italy and was a prominent leader of the Christian Democracy party

Austrian-American logician and mathematician whose seminal work significantly influenced 20th-century scientific and philosophical thought

Italian pope who served for 33 days in 1978, known as the "Smiling Pope" for his warm, accessible leadership style

Pope of the Catholic Church from 1963 to 1978, known for concluding and implementing the Second Vatican Council and fostering ecumenical relations

Israel's first female Prime Minister, who famously raised millions to fund the nascent state and led with an 'Iron Lady' resolve