生平

American baseball player who broke Major League Baseball's color line in 1947 and became a leading voice in the civil rights movement

American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize for his groundbreaking work isolating cortisone and other adrenal gland hormones

American law enforcement administrator who directed the FBI for nearly five decades, shaping its early crime-fighting and intelligence operations

American aviation pioneer from the Russian Empire who designed the world's first successful four-engine aircraft and four-engine bomber, also excelling in helicopter design

American poet, critic, and major figure in early modernist poetry, known for <em>Ripostes</em>, <em>Hugh Selwyn Mauberley</em>, and <em>The Cantos</em>, who also worked as a writer, composer, journalist, and translator, influencing 20th-century literature

The 33rd president of the United States who guided the nation through the end of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War, establishing the Marshall Plan and NATO

Indian actress and poet known as "The Tragedy Queen" who starred in over 90 Hindi films

Ghanaian politician, political theorist, and revolutionary who led Ghana to independence and championed Pan-Africanism

British actress celebrated for her character roles on stage and in film

Kenyan-British paleoanthropologist and archaeologist whose work at Olduvai Gorge proved humans evolved in Africa, inspiring future generations of scholars

Influential Belgian politician and diplomat, known as 'Mr. Europe' for his leadership in founding the European Union and his service as Prime Minister of Belgium and NATO Secretary General

Italian novelist, short story writer, painter, poet, and journalist, best known for his novel The Tartar Steppe and numerous short story collections

Italian politician and statesman who served as the 4th President of Italy and twice as its Prime Minister

Hungarian-American biophysicist known for his Nobel Prize-winning research on the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea, unraveling the mysteries of human hearing

German politician and engineer who served as President of West Germany from 1959 to 1969

South African-American virologist and physician who developed the life-saving vaccine against yellow fever, earning him the Nobel Prize in 1951

Austrian-Japanese politician and philosopher, founding president of the Paneuropean Union and a pioneer of European integration for nearly five decades

French singer, actor, and entertainer known for his signature songs like "Thank Heaven for Little Girls" and iconic boater hat and tuxedo

14th Prime Minister of Canada, distinguished diplomat, scholar, and author of influential works on international relations

German-born American theoretical physicist who shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics for discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure

King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions in 1936 who abdicated his throne later that year, becoming known as the Duke of Windsor

Japanese novelist and short story writer, known for his spare, lyrical prose and as the first Japanese Nobel laureate in Literature