生平

Australian pathologist and pharmacologist who shared the Nobel Prize for his instrumental role in developing penicillin into a life-saving medicine

Swiss Protestant theologian known for his significant commentary *The Epistle to the Romans*, his involvement in the Confessing Church and authorship of the Barmen Declaration, and his monumental *Church Dogmatics*

Norwegian lawyer, politician, and diplomat who served as the first Secretary-General of the United Nations

English children's writer, one of the best-selling and most prolific authors of all time, translated into ninety languages

French American artist, inventor, and chess player who significantly influenced the avant-garde movement, known for his revolutionary readymades and diverse artistic pursuits

Austrian-Swedish physicist instrumental in the discovery of nuclear fission

Italian poet, translator, and literary critic, awarded the 1959 Nobel Prize in Literature for his powerful lyrical poetry