生平

American actress known as "The First Lady of the American Theatre," who starred on stage and screen for six decades and supported Actors' Equity

American film director, producer, and actor known as a founding father of American cinema and for his commercially successful, epic-scale films

American rock and roll singer, songwriter, and guitarist who was a central and pioneering figure in the genre

American novelist and screenwriter who masterfully shaped the hard-boiled detective genre, known for works like The Big Sleep and his contributions to film

Iconic American jazz and swing music singer known as "Lady Day" whose vocal style inspired new phrasing and tempo in popular music

American army officer and statesman who served as Chief of Staff during WWII, Secretary of State, and architect of the Marshall Plan, earning the Nobel Peace Prize

American architect, designer, and writer known for developing organic architecture and designing over 1,000 structures, including Fallingwater

Cuban revolutionary fighter, military officer, and politician, a key figure in the Cuban Revolution

American politician, lawyer, and diplomat who served as United States Secretary of State and significantly shaped Cold War foreign policy

British Formula One World Drivers' Champion and endurance racing victor who won the 24 Hours of Le Mans and 12 Hours of Sebring

Argentine lawyer, politician, and diplomat who was the first Latin American Nobel Peace Prize recipient, recognized for authoring the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 and mediating peace between Paraguay and Bolivia

Brazilian composer, conductor, and multi-instrumentalist known for integrating Brazilian folk music with classical forms, creating over 2,000 works that made him a globally recognized South American composer

Italy's first President and a distinguished jurist, politician, and journalist who guided the nation through its transition to a republic after World War II

German chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1928 for his research into the constitution of sterols and their connection with vitamins

German artist known for his iconic caricatural drawings of 1920s Berlin life and his prominent role in Berlin Dada and New Objectivity

French actor known for his influential roles in 32 films and his outspoken communist views, prominent in the poetic realism movement

French polymath, writer, and jazz musician known for his avant-garde novels and controversial works published under the pseudonym Vernon Sullivan

Australian actor known for his romantic swashbuckler roles during the Golden Age of Hollywood

British physicist known for his Nobel Prize-winning work on thermionic emission and the discovery of Richardson's law

Scottish physicist and meteorologist who invented the cloud chamber and won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physics