生平

French lawyer and politician who, as President, navigated the Dreyfus Affair and initiated the Entente Cordiale

American statistician and inventor who developed the electromechanical tabulating machine for punched cards, ushering in the era of mechanized data processing

British Liberal politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, also known as a writer, diplomat, and biographer

American economist and sociologist known for his critique of capitalism and the concept of conspicuous consumption

German politician who served as imperial chancellor and minister-president of Prussia, known for his support of Weltpolitik and efforts to transform Germany into a global power

Austrian chemist and Nobel laureate known for his research on colloids, co-inventing the slit-ultramicroscope, and developing membrane filters

Austrian novelist, librettist, poet, and dramatist known for Der Rosenkavalier and diverse literary contributions spanning opera, drama, and prose

French marshal and military theorist who served as Supreme Allied Commander on the Western Front during the First World War in 1918

German statesman, Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and Foreign Minister who spearheaded the reconciliation between Germany and France after World War I, stabilizing the Weimar Republic

French statesman who served as Prime Minister twice, notably guiding the nation through the First World War and advocating for significant reforms