生平

American inventor and entrepreneur who revolutionized railway safety with the air brake and pioneered alternating current electricity

American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist known as "the father of pragmatism" and praised as one of America's greatest thinkers.

American editorialist, journalist, short story writer, fabulist, and satirist known for his pioneering realist fiction, influential war stories, and biting wit

Austro-Hungarian politician and heir presumptive whose assassination in Sarajevo directly triggered World War I

French poet, essayist, and editor who blended socialism and nationalism with his Catholic faith, tragically killed in World War I

Scottish-American naturalist, writer, and early advocate for wilderness preservation, widely known as the 'Father of the National Parks'

Swiss lawyer and politician who won the 1902 Nobel Peace Prize for his practical leadership of international peace organizations

French Provençal poet and lexicographer who won the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature and founded the Félibrige literary movement