生平

Canadian physicist awarded the Nobel Prize for developing neutron scattering techniques and spectroscopy for condensed matter studies

Nobel laureate Japanese chemist who pioneered the frontier orbital theory for chemical reactions, explaining the roles of HOMO and LUMO

Swedish physicist who shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work in electron spectroscopy

Italian lawyer and politician who served as the 9th President of Italy from 1992 to 1999 after decades in the Chamber of Deputies

Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan, known for privatizing state-owned companies and advocating for a pro-United States foreign policy and neoliberal economic policies

French Marxist philosopher and university teacher, known for his reinterpretation of Marxist theory and concepts like ideological state apparatuses

English radio astronomer and Nobel laureate who pioneered revolutionary radio telescope systems and the aperture synthesis technique, leading to the first Nobel Prize in physics for astronomical research

British biochemist and double Nobel Prize winner renowned for his work on protein and nucleic acid sequencing

Austrian politician and diplomat who served as the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the President of Austria

German politician and statesperson who served as Chancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982, renowned for his pragmatic leadership and extensive writings

Egyptian president and military officer who initiated the 1973 October War and signed a peace treaty with Israel, earning the Nobel Peace Prize

First President of South Africa and anti-apartheid activist who led the nation to multiracial democracy