生平

French microbiologist and Nobel laureate who made critical discoveries concerning the genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis

American businessman who transformed McDonald's from a small restaurant chain into a global fast-food corporation and owned the San Diego Padres

American economist and Nobel laureate who revolutionized understanding of human capital and agricultural development

American sociologist who developed social action theory and structural functionalism, a key figure in the establishment of sociology at Harvard University

American photographer, writer, and environmentalist celebrated for his stark black-and-white images of the American West and for co-developing the Zone System of image-making

American psychologist and psychotherapist who founded humanistic psychology and developed person-centered therapy

American physicist and inventor who shared the Nobel Prize for co-inventing the point-contact transistor

American aviator, author, and explorer known for the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic

American writer and novelist, Nobel laureate known for realistic and imaginative writings with keen social perception

British-American actress known for a long career in theatre, film, and television as a stage, television, and film actor

Japanese association football player who played for the Japan national team

American cytogeneticist awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize for her discovery of mobile genetic elements and pioneering work in maize cytogenetics

Icelandic Nobel laureate Halldór Laxness, celebrated for his vivid epic power and renewal of the great narrative art of Iceland

Japanese association football player who played for the Japan national team

Japanese association football player and manager who played for and later managed the Japan national team

Pioneering Iranian writer, poet, and translator, best known for the novel The Blind Owl and his influence on literary modernism and the atheist movement in Iran

Indian Prime Minister (1979-1980) and peasant leader known as the "Champion of Farmers" who dedicated his life to agricultural reform and farmer rights

Spanish Catholic priest and writer who founded Opus Dei and was canonized as a saint, known for promoting everyday holiness

Swedish biochemist and Nobel laureate known for pioneering research in electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for discoveries concerning serum proteins

Canadian-American actress who became the first five-time Academy Award acting nominee and won Best Actress for The Divorcee (1930)

King of Saudi Arabia from 1953 to 1964 and Crown Prince for over two decades, he was the second son of the kingdom's founder, King Abdulaziz

Brazilian president who built Brasília and implemented the ambitious "50 years in 5" development plan from 1956-1961

French historian who led the influential Annales School and revolutionized historical methodology through his studies of Mediterranean civilization and capitalism

American German-born psychoanalyst and essayist known for his theory of psychosocial development and coining the phrase 'identity crisis'