生平

American physician and Nobel laureate known for his co-discovery of cortisone and its use in treating rheumatoid arthritis

American film director, producer, and screenwriter known for his versatile genre mastery and the creation of the 'Hawksian woman'

First Lady of the United States known for her White House hospitality, frugality, and personal style

Nobel laureate who, with his wife Gerty, discovered the Cori cycle, explaining how the body breaks down and resynthesizes glycogen for energy

American novelist known for his experimental U.S.A. trilogy and a shifting political lens on 20th-century America

American physicist and chemist who developed the molecular orbital theory, a cornerstone of modern chemistry, earning him the Nobel Prize.

Russian linguist and literary theorist, pioneer of structural linguistics and founder of modern phonology

American socialite whose marriage intention to Prince Edward led to his abdication as King of the United Kingdom

Austro-Hungarian-American biochemist, physician, and Nobel laureate who discovered the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen, becoming the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

American novelist, essayist, and short story writer best known for his depictions of the Jazz Age

Scottish novelist and physician whose influential work, The Citadel, helped inspire the National Health Service

Spanish anarcho-syndicalist militant, leading figure in the CNT and FAI, and key participant in the Spanish Revolution of 1936

Sicilian Prince and writer best known for his posthumously published novel, <em>The Leopard</em>, which chronicles the decline of the aristocracy

Indian politician, peace activist, and Prime Minister of India who also served as Chief Minister of Bombay State and Finance Minister

Italian journalist, resistance leader, and politician who served as President of Italy from 1978 to 1985

Hungarian politician, diplomat, and economist who led the 1956 Revolution against Soviet-backed rule and was later executed

French-Occitanian poet, playwright, actor, and theatre director, a major figure of the European avant-garde and conceptualizer of the Theatre of Cruelty

Indian spiritual teacher, writer, translator, and philosopher who founded the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) and spread Krishna consciousness worldwide

Norwegian lawyer, politician, and diplomat who served as the first Secretary-General of the United Nations

Founder and central figure of the anti-establishment Dada movement, a Romanian-French avant-garde poet, essayist, and performance artist.

French writer and poet, principal theorist and co-founder of Surrealism, known for the First Surrealist Manifesto of 1924

Italian poet, prose writer, and editor awarded the 1975 Nobel Prize in Literature for his distinctive interpretation of human values

Swiss psychologist and biologist known for his seminal theory of cognitive development and genetic epistemology