生平

American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize for his groundbreaking work isolating cortisone and other adrenal gland hormones

Polish general, statesman, writer, and Marshal of Poland who served as Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Armed Forces

German conductor and composer, regarded as one of the greatest symphonic and operatic conductors of the 20th century, a major influence on interpretative styles

British novelist, philosopher, and science fiction writer known for his epic speculative works and induction into the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame

Chinese general, military strategist, politician, and revolutionary, known for his role as a Marshal of the People's Republic of China

Prolific Hungarian-American film director who shaped Hollywood's Golden Age with classics like Casablanca and The Charge of the Light Brigade

German novelist, poet, and physician known for his unique blend of medical insight and literary artistry, a five-time Nobel Prize in Literature nominee, and Georg Büchner Prize laureate

British film director, screenwriter, producer, and actor, known for his work in early cinema and as a founder and president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

French metaphysician, writer, and orientalist known for his traditionalist philosophy and writings on esotericism, symbolism, and initiation

Austrian dramatic painter, writer, and poet known for intense expressionistic portraits and landscapes that shaped the Viennese Expressionist movement

British organic chemist and Nobel laureate known for his investigations into plant products of biological importance, especially anthocyanins and alkaloids

Hungarian Communist revolutionary and politician who led the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919

French historian, medievalist, and a founding member of the Annales School who also served as a French resistance fighter

Alsatian sculptor, painter, and poet known for his significant contributions to Dadaism and abstract art

German-Austrian ethologist and Nobel laureate known for decoding the honeybee's waggle dance and advancing the study of animal communication

English physiologist and biophysicist who won the 1922 Nobel Prize for elucidating muscle heat and mechanical work, also co-founding biophysics and operations research

Luxembourgish-born German-French statesman, politician, and Venerable who was a principal founder of the European Communities, the Council of Europe, and NATO, and twice served as Prime Minister of France

Swiss Protestant theologian known for his commentary The Epistle to the Romans, his resistance to Nazism with the Barmen Declaration, and his vast Church Dogmatics

Swedish physicist and university teacher known for his Nobel Prize-winning discoveries and research in X-ray spectroscopy

Mexican muralist whose large frescoes helped establish the mural movement in Mexican and international art

German architect and designer renowned as a pioneer of modern architecture, known for his minimalist aesthetic and iconic works like the "BRNO" Armchair and 860-880 North Lake Shore Drive