生平

American linguist and anthropologist who was a foundational figure in the development of linguistics in the United States, known for his work on Native American languages

Dutch-American Nobel laureate in Chemistry known for his investigations into molecular structure through dipole moments and radiation scattering

The 33rd president of the United States who guided the nation through the end of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War, establishing the Marshall Plan and NATO

Venezuelan novelist and the first freely elected president of Venezuela, celebrated for his literary works like "Doña Bárbara"

Austrian psychoanalyst who challenged Freudian theory with the concept of birth trauma and championed relationship-based therapy, influencing existential and humanistic psychology

Czechoslovak statesman who served as President during two critical periods, including leading the government-in-exile during World War II

French author, physician, and poet known for the Salavin series and his election to the Académie française

Italian painter and sculptor known for his distinctive portraits and nudes with elongated forms

German Lutheran theologian and New Testament professor who advocated for an existentialist interpretation of the New Testament and was a major figure in 20th-century biblical studies

Swiss Freudian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who developed the influential Rorschach inkblot test

Bohemian-Israeli author, composer, and journalist notable for preserving and promoting the works of Franz Kafka and championing composer Leoš Janáček

French philosopher and writer known for his contributions to poetics and the philosophy of science, including concepts like epistemological obstacle and break

German biochemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his fundamental discoveries in muscle metabolism and oxygen consumption

Swiss-born German actor and film director who was the first recipient of the Academy Award for Best Actor

German writer, playwright, journalist, and literary critic known for his historical novels and influence on figures like Bertolt Brecht

American diplomat, activist, and longest-serving First Lady, known for her advocacy for human rights and her pivotal role in drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

German painter, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor, and writer associated with New Objectivity, known for his powerful and often unsettling imagery

Jewish-Polish biochemist who formulated the concept of vitamins, fundamentally altering understanding of nutrition and disease

16th President of the French Republic, lawyer, politician, and French resistance fighter who led France from 1947 to 1954, overseeing its entry into the Council of Europe and NATO

German chemist who developed the Bergius process for synthetic fuel from coal and was a Nobel Prize winner for high-pressure chemistry

French politician and three-time Prime Minister, known for leading France from 1938 to 1940 during the early stages of World War II

Polish anthropologist and ethnographer known for his lasting influence on ethnography, social theory, and field research

Polish anthropologist and ethnographer whose pioneering work in participant observation and functionalist theory profoundly shaped the discipline of anthropology

Swedish chemist and Nobel laureate known for developing the ultracentrifuge and his pioneering research on colloids and proteins