生平

Russian-born American economist and statistician, Nobel laureate for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth

American composer and lyricist whose music largely constitutes the Great American Songbook, and recipient of an Academy Award, Grammy, Tony Award, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom

First Lady of Poland and economist who dedicated her life to public service alongside her husband, President Lech Kaczyński

Polish novelist, essayist, and translator who was a leading writer of the Positivism movement and a Nobel Prize in Literature nominee in 1905, known for works like Nad Niemnem and Meir Ezofowicz

Belarusian nuclear physicist and politician who became the first head of state of independent Belarus, instrumental in forming the Commonwealth of Independent States

Polish journalist, photographer, poet, and author renowned for his literary reportage from decolonizing Africa, South America, and Asia, and for his insightful chronicles of revolutions

First President of Israel and British chemist instrumental in the Balfour Declaration and Israel's recognition

Seventh Prime Minister of Israel and a leader of the Zionist militant group Lehi (Stern Gang) before the establishment of the State of Israel, known for his long career as a politician and diplomat

Polish, Lithuanian, and American military leader, engineer, and national hero known for fighting in the American Revolutionary War and leading the 1794 Kościuszko Uprising

Soviet-Russian physicist and inventor who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics

Israeli politician who founded Herut and Likud, served as Prime Minister, and negotiated the historic peace treaty between Egypt and Israel

Belarusian-French artist known for his modernist paintings, stained glass, and illustrations, often reflecting his Jewish heritage and a wide range of artistic styles

Polish national poet and activist whose works ignited the spirit of independence and influenced Slavic literature