Born and died in 1888

German film director, producer, and screenwriter, highly influential during the silent era, known for works like Nosferatu and Faust

American writer and lecturer known for his pioneering work in self-improvement, public speaking, and interpersonal skills, author of *How to Win Friends and Influence People*

Cuban chess player, diplomat, and non-fiction writer who became the third world chess champion, renowned for his endgame skill and speed of play

Indian politician, writer, scholar, and freedom fighter who served as India's first Minister of Education and shaped its foundational education system

French political economist and diplomat regarded as a chief architect of European unity and a founding father of the European Union

Indian physicist known for discovering the Raman effect, which describes the change in light wavelength during scattering, earning him the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics

American naval officer and aviator who pioneered polar exploration by air and led expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic

American playwright who introduced realism to U.S. drama, a Nobel laureate, and winner of four Pulitzer Prizes

New Zealand modernist writer celebrated for her short stories exploring human interiority and identity

American politician, writer, and horticulturist who served as the 33rd Vice President of the United States and twice as a cabinet secretary

US-British poet, essayist, and playwright who was a leading figure of modernist poetry and a Nobel Prize winner

Finnish writer who became the first Finnish Nobel Prize winner in Literature (1939) for his masterful portrayal of peasant life and nature

Argentinian politician and writer who served as President, renowned for his extensive works and influence as a member of the Generation of 1837

German mathematical physicist and professor who helped found thermodynamics, introduced entropy, and formulated the second law of thermodynamics

American pharmacist and chemist who invented Coca-Cola as an attempt to alleviate his chronic pain and morphine addiction

American novelist, short story writer, and poet, celebrated for her beloved novel Little Women and its enduring sequels