Born and died in 1749

French confectioner and inventor who developed airtight food preservation, earning him the title 'father of food science'

English physician and scientist who pioneered vaccination and created the world's first smallpox vaccine

French polymath whose work was instrumental in physics, astronomy, mathematics, and statistics, known for Mécanique céleste and the Bayesian interpretation of probability

French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher who translated Newton's Principia and authored important works on science and philosophy