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German painter and printmaker noted for his starkly realistic portrayals of Weimar society and the brutality of war, a leading figure of Neue Sachlichkeit

German-born artist who pioneered Dada and Surrealism, inventing innovative techniques like frottage and grattage that revolutionized modern art

Jewish-German Catholic nun, theologian, and philosopher, canonized as a saint and patron of Europe, murdered at Auschwitz

Canadian medical scientist and doctor who co-discovered insulin and its therapeutic potential, earning him a Nobel Prize

German experimental physicist who developed the coincidence method, earning him a shared Nobel Prize in Physics in 1954

German admiral and politician who served as Supreme Commander of the Navy during World War II and briefly as head of state of Nazi Germany in 1945

Swedish writer and Nobel laureate known for his profound exploration of eternal human questions through poetry and prose

English physicist who discovered the neutron in 1932, received the Nobel Prize, and led the British team on the Manhattan Project

Jewish German poet and playwright who received the 1966 Nobel Prize in Literature for her lyrical and dramatic interpretations of Israel's destiny

Architect of the Indian Constitution, social reformer, and an ardent champion of civil rights and equality