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French microbiologist who identified lice as the transmitter of epidemic typhus, earning him the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1928

Swiss chemist who won the 1913 Nobel Prize for developing coordination chemistry theory and proposing octahedral configuration of metal complexes

British prime minister, politician, and journalist who led the Labour Party and a National Government, shaping early 20th-century British politics

Italian idealist philosopher, historian, and liberal political thinker who influenced diverse intellectuals from Marxists to fascists

French composer and pianist known for his influential solo piano works like Gymnopédies and Gnossiennes, contributing to classical and modern classical genres

British children's writer, illustrator, natural scientist, and conservationist best known for Peter Rabbit and pioneering character merchandising

Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate, and one of the foremost dramatists of the 20th century

Pioneer of abstraction in Western art, known for his avant-garde painting and art theory

French author and Nobel laureate known for his lofty idealism, compassionate portrayals of human beings, and diverse contributions as a writer, teacher, and musicologist

English writer and prolific author, widely recognized as the 'father of science fiction' for works like 'The Time Machine' and 'The War of the Worlds'