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Italian Catholic priest, mathematician, and astronomer renowned for establishing the Palermo Observatory and discovering the dwarf planet Ceres

French mathematician who invented descriptive geometry and founded differential geometry, revolutionizing technical drawing and engineering design

King of Sweden from 1771 to 1792, born in Stockholm and assassinated there

Polish, Lithuanian, and American military leader, engineer, and national hero known for fighting in the American Revolutionary War and leading the 1794 Kościuszko Uprising

Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who championed child-centered learning and integrated intellectual, moral, and physical development

Spanish romantic painter and printmaker, considered the most important Spanish artist of his time and a highly influential figure in Western art