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German philosopher and sociologist known for developing critical theory and his leadership of the Institute for Social Research, associated with the Frankfurt School.

Finnish chemist and professor awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method

Finnish middle and long distance runner who set 22 world records and won nine Olympic gold medals

Norwegian economist who coined 'econometrics,' 'microeconomics,' and 'macroeconomics,' and shared the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for developing dynamic economic models

Italian actress and screenwriter, celebrated as the first Italian woman to win an Academy Award for her powerful performances

Turkish military officer, politician, and diplomat who served as the 2nd President of Turkey and a three-time Prime Minister

British-American poet, playwright, and literary critic known for his stylistic achievement and engagement with politics, morals, love, and religion

29th president of Chile and the first Marxist elected to lead a liberal democracy in Latin America

English writer and philologist known for creating the high fantasy works 'The Hobbit' and 'The Lord of the Rings'

Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, and theatre designer who co-founded the Cubist movement, invented constructed sculpture, and created iconic works like Guernica, profoundly reshaping modern art