Born and died in 1916

Algerian politician, revolutionary, and association football player who served as the first president of Algeria from 1963 to 1965

New Zealand-born English physicist and biologist whose X-ray diffraction studies were instrumental in the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA and its role in genetic information transfer

Veteran English actor known for Hammer horror films and portraying Alfred Pennyworth in the Batman film series

Longest-serving President of the French Republic and the first left-wing politician to assume the presidency under the Fifth Republic

Russian theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate known for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids

British-Australian actor known for his powerful roles in films like Network and Raid on Entebbe

Italian politician, professor, and diplomat who served five terms as Prime Minister of Italy and was a prominent leader of the Christian Democracy party

British author who wrote beloved children's classics including Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Matilda, selling over 300 million books worldwide

Italian writer, poet, politician, playwright, and translator known for her novels and essays exploring family relationships and the political landscape during and after the Fascist years, a recipient of the Strega and Bagutta Prizes

Australian-born Soviet and Russian physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for fundamental work leading to the development of the laser and the maser

Australian politician and jurist who served as the 21st Prime Minister of Australia, known for leading a reformist and socially progressive government

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1974, Leader of the Conservative Party, and a long-serving Member of Parliament also known for his careers as military personnel, a journalist, a conductor, a yachtsman, musician, and author

Belgian Symbolist poet, writer, and playwright who was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature six times

Polish writer, novelist, journalist, and philanthropist, Nobel Prize laureate known for historical novels like <em>Quo Vadis</em> and the Trilogy series

Spanish playwright, civil engineer, mathematician, and statesman who was awarded the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature for his role in reviving Spanish drama

Russian-French immunologist, embryologist, and biologist, Nobel laureate for his foundational work on immunity and phagocytosis

French Symbolist artist known for his evocative drawings, prints, and paintings that explored the imaginative and subconscious world

German writer, poet, playwright, novelist, and translator who became the first Queen Consort of Romania as the wife of King Carol I

Swedish politician, opinion journalist, and committed pacifist who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1908 for his work for peace through arbitration and international law