Born and died in 1875

Serbian mathematician, physicist, and teacher; the first wife of Albert Einstein and a pioneering female student in her field

German Generalfeldmarschall and Oberbefehlshaber West during World War II, known for over 52 years of distinguished military service

Austrian poet and writer acclaimed for exploring themes of subjective experience and mysticism in the German language

Gandhian independence activist, lawyer, and statesman who served as India's first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister, known for his critical role in India's political integration and independence movement

American physical chemist known for the covalent bond, Lewis dot structures, and coining the term 'photon'

English occultist, writer, and prophet who founded the religion of Thelema

Austrian-born German automotive engineer and inventor, founder of Porsche AG, known for the Volkswagen Beetle, Lohner-Porsche, and Auto Union racing cars

Spanish poet and Generation of '98 figure who created philosophical heteronyms and evolved from modernism to intimate symbolism

Swiss psychiatrist, psychotherapist, and psychologist who founded analytical psychology and developed the concept of archetypes

English pharmacologist and Nobel laureate who, with Otto Loewi, discovered the chemical transmission of nerve impulses through acetylcholine

King of the Belgians who earned the title "Knight King" for his courageous leadership during World War I

Prolific British writer, journalist, and playwright known for his extensive contributions to crime and adventure fiction, including numerous novels, plays, and screenplays

American inventor and business leader who developed the Singer sewing machine and founded one of the first American multi-national businesses

French composer known for the enduring popularity of his opera Carmen and other Romantic era orchestral works

French landscape and portrait painter and printmaker, known for bridging Neo-Classicism and Impressionism through his plein-air innovations

French painter known for his empathetic depictions of peasant farmers and a founder of the Barbizon school, who also explored pure landscapes in his later career