Born and died in 1848

Austrian astronomer and military officer renowned for visually discovering 122 asteroids, a record for non-photographic methods

German philosopher, logician, and mathematician known as the father of analytic philosophy and a profound philosopher of mathematics

British Prime Minister, Conservative politician, and philosopher who served as Prime Minister from 1902 to 1905 and Foreign Secretary from 1916 to 1919

Italian polymath who revolutionized economics and sociology through mathematical analysis and elite theory

French Post-Impressionist and Symbolist painter and printmaker, celebrated for his experimental use of color and Synthetist style, as well as his influential wood engravings and woodcuts

Russian painter and draughtsman who co-founded Russian folklorist painting and was a key figure in the Russian Revivalist movement

French novelist, art critic, and journalist known for transgressive novels exploring violence, abuse, and psychological detachment, translated into 30 languages

French novelist and art critic famous for his novel À rebours, who also served 30 years in the civil service

Japanese admiral of the fleet known for his decisive victory during the Russo-Japanese War, earning him the title 'the Nelson of the East'

Japanese statesman and general who served three terms as Prime Minister and was a key figure in Meiji era policy as a genrō

English novelist and poet best known for her iconic novel Wuthering Heights

Swedish chemist, physician, and university teacher considered one of the founders of modern chemistry and known as the "Father of Swedish Chemistry"

French writer, politician, and diplomat who shaped 19th-century Romantic literature and served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and ambassador to several European nations