Born and died in 1820

German philosopher, sociologist, and economist who co-authored The Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx and developed the political and philosophical system known as Marxism

Swedish classical singer and opera star known as the 'Swedish Nightingale' who achieved immense popularity across Europe and the United States

Irish physicist and naturalist who proved the greenhouse effect and explored glacier motion and the scattering of light

English philosopher and political theorist who coined "survival of the fittest" and applied evolutionary principles to sociology and ethics

French photographer, balloonist, caricaturist, and journalist who took the first aerial photographs and whose portraits are held in major national collections

Dutch author, civil servant, and colonial administrator best known for his novel Max Havelaar, which exposed the abuses of colonialism in the Dutch East Indies

American women's rights activist, author, and civil rights advocate who was a leading figure in the women's suffrage movement

American businessman, author, and United States Army general known for his Civil War command and military strategy

French statesman and cunning Minister of Police who navigated the French Revolution and Napoleonic eras with unparalleled strategic skill

Argentine public servant, lawyer, and military leader who designed the national flag and was a key figure in the Wars of Independence

King of Great Britain and Ireland who oversaw the unification of the United Kingdom and was the first British-born Hanoverian monarch