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Jewish-Polish biochemist who formulated the concept of vitamins, fundamentally altering understanding of nutrition and disease

English physical chemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his groundbreaking researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions and expertise in chemical kinetics

South African anti-apartheid activist, teacher, and politician who served as President-General of the African National Congress from 1952 until 1967

Prolific French author, biographer, historian, novelist, and critic known for his insightful works across various genres and for making complex subjects accessible

British physicist who shared the 1951 Nobel Prize for splitting the atomic nucleus, a foundational step for nuclear power and atomic weapons

Belgian surrealist artist known for his thought-provoking depictions of everyday objects in dreamlike settings, influencing pop art, minimalist art, and conceptual art

British statesman and politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951 and was the longest-serving Labour Party leader

British actress known for her Academy Award-winning roles as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind and Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire

First chancellor of West Germany (1949-1963) and founding father of the European Union who rebuilt Germany as a democratic state

Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, and guerrilla leader who became a major figure of the Cuban Revolution and a global countercultural symbol