Born and died in 1853

Fifth King of Siam, known for modernizing the nation and securing its independence amidst colonial pressures

German biochemist and physiologist who won the 1910 Nobel Prize for his pioneering work on the chemical composition of nucleic acids and proteins

Baltic German chemist and philosopher, a founder of physical chemistry, Nobel laureate for work on catalysis and reaction rates

Swedish painter, illustrator, and graphic artist known for his idyllic watercolors of family life and contributions to the Arts and Crafts movement

Dutch Post-Impressionist painter known for his bold colors, dramatic brushwork, and influential contributions to modern art

Japanese bacteriologist and immunologist known for co-discovering the bubonic plague agent

Cuban national hero, poet, and revolutionary who led the independence movement against Spanish rule and became known as the 'Apostle of Cuban Independence'

Queen of Portugal, known as "the Educator" and "the Good Mother", who reigned during significant periods of Portuguese history

French polymath who excelled as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, and politician, known for his work in optics and his public service

American politician and diplomat who served briefly as the 13th Vice President of the United States