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King of Sweden from 1872 to 1907 and Norway from 1872 to 1905, presiding over a period of significant change in Scandinavian history

French chemist and Nobel laureate known for isolating fluorine, discovering moissanite, and developing the electric arc furnace

Norwegian composer and pianist known for bringing Norwegian folk music to international fame and developing a national identity through his Romantic compositions

French poet and essayist, first winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901, recognized for his idealistic and artistically perfect poetic compositions