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Spanish writer, lawyer, and politician who served as Prime Minister and the last President of the Second Spanish Republic, renowned as the father of the Republic during the Spanish Civil War

Austrian philosophical writer known for the influential modernist novel, 'The Man Without Qualities'

German climatologist, geophysicist, and polar explorer whose wide-ranging research profoundly influenced Earth sciences

German historian and philosopher best known for his work <em>The Decline of the West</em> and his organic theory of civilization lifecycles

French poet, playwright, and art critic known for his pioneering work in the avant-garde movement and influential contributions to modern literature