Born and died in 1850

Scottish novelist, poet, and essayist known for classic adventure stories and psychological thrillers, including *Treasure Island* and *Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde*

French physiologist, immunologist, and parapsychologist who won the 1913 Nobel Prize for his discovery of anaphylaxis and coined the term 'ectoplasm'

French writer and master of the short story, associated with the naturalist literary school, depicting human lives in disillusioned and often pessimistic terms

Argentine lawyer, politician, and author who served as President of the Republic and championed the Sáenz Peña Law, leading to Argentina's first democratically elected presidency

Bulgarian writer and poet, known as "the Patriarch of Bulgarian literature," whose works chronicled the Bulgarian Renaissance and Post-Liberation epochs, and who also served as Education Minister

The first President of Czechoslovakia and its revered founding father, also known as a sociologist, philosopher, and statesman

Pioneering 19th-century Russian mathematician, writer, and physicist who was the first woman to earn a doctorate in mathematics and a full professorship in Europe

French classical liberal theorist, political economist, and member of the French assembly, known for his writings on free markets and limited government

King of the French from 1830 to 1848, known as "the Citizen King," who abdicated during the French Revolution of 1848 leading to the Second Republic

French novelist and playwright known for La Comédie humaine, a panoramic depiction of post-Napoleonic French society

Argentine general, politician, and soldier known as "the Liberator of Argentina, Chile and Peru" for his leadership in gaining South American independence from the Spanish Empire

French chemist and physicist renowned for his gas laws, the discovery of water's composition, and the degrees Gay-Lussac for measuring alcoholic strength

English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature