Born and died in 1855

German sociologist, economist, and philosopher best known for his influential concepts of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft and for co-founding the German Sociological Association

Belgian Symbolist poet, writer, and playwright who was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature six times

American astronomer who founded Lowell Observatory, popularized the idea of Martian canals, and initiated the search that led to the discovery of Pluto

Polish national poet and activist whose works ignited the spirit of independence and influenced Slavic literature

German mathematician, astronomer, geodesist, and physicist who contributed to number theory, algebra, analysis, geometry, statistics, and probability