Kehidupan

American actor, director, and screenwriter, known for his Academy Award-winning performance in "A Free Soul" and his memorable role as Mr. Potter in "It's a Wonderful Life"

American psychologist who popularized behaviorism and conducted influential research on animal behavior, child rearing, and advertising

American writer, muckraker journalist, and political activist known for 'The Jungle' and winning the 1943 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction

Swiss writer known for his unique prose and poetry, whose work gained renewed appreciation after his lifetime

Swiss writer, poet, librettist, and essayist celebrated for his French-language literary contributions

American writer and editor who won three Pulitzer Prizes for his poetry and biography of Abraham Lincoln, widely regarded as a major figure in contemporary literature

Russian army general of Baltic German origin and the last commander-in-chief of the White forces in Southern Russia during the Russian Civil War, known as the "Black Baron"

Japanese tanka poet, author, feminist, and social reformer known for her influential poetry and contributions to Japanese literature and society

Argentine lawyer, politician, and diplomat who was the first Latin American Nobel Peace Prize recipient, recognized for authoring the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 and mediating peace between Paraguay and Bolivia

Japanese diplomat and politician who served as Prime Minister during the post-WWII occupation, forging strong ties with the U.S. and spearheading economic recovery

Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the second president of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944, and the first to head a government of the entire Philippines

Finnish poet and journalist celebrated as a pioneer of Finnish poetry and national poet, known for combining modern and folk elements in his widely read and influential works

German expressionist novelist, physician, and essayist known for Berlin Alexanderplatz and his contributions to German literary modernism

German Jewish Existentialist philosopher, theologian, and renowned for his philosophy of dialogue and translation of the Hebrew Bible into German

Shah of Iran from 1925 to 1941 and founder of the Pahlavi Dynasty, who rose from an army officer to become a prominent politician and monarch

German statesman, Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and Foreign Minister who spearheaded the reconciliation between Germany and France after World War I, stabilizing the Weimar Republic

Austrian-Swedish physicist instrumental in the discovery of nuclear fission