Born and died in 1869

French visual artist known for his pioneering use of color and fluid draughtsmanship

Swedish Nobel Laureate and industrialist who invented automatic regulators for lighthouses and buoys, significantly improving maritime safety

British princess who became Queen consort of Norway from 1905 to 1938, strengthening the newly independent nation's monarchy

French author and 1947 Nobel Prize winner whose 50+ books explored human psychology with fearless honesty

King of Italy for nearly 46 years, who oversaw Italy's involvement in World War I and World War II, and the era of the Fascist regime

Indian independence activist, lawyer, and political ethicist who led the nonviolent movement for India's freedom from British rule and inspired civil rights globally

Norwegian diplomat, historian, and political scientist, awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1921 for his pioneering work in organized internationalism

Austro-Hungarian author and critic, renowned for creating "Bambi, a Life in the Woods," adapted into the classic Disney film

Slovene-Austrian Nobel laureate in Chemistry who developed the method of micro-analysis of organic substances

German embryologist who won the 1935 Nobel Prize for discovering embryonic induction and organizer effects that became foundational to modern developmental biology and cloning research

Russian-born American anarchist, writer, and political philosopher who influenced anarchist thought and advocated for women's rights and pacifism

Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who was the first president of the Philippines and the first president of an Asian constitutional republic

French literary critic, writer, poet, and historian who shaped 19th-century literary discourse and developed biographical criticism

French Romantic composer and conductor renowned for his innovative orchestral works and dramatic operas

French author, poet, and statesman who served as foreign minister and wrote influential historical works including the History of the Girondists