Born and died in 1865

English writer and poet born in British India who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1907 for his exceptional narrative talent and imaginative works

Finnish composer widely regarded as his country's greatest, whose music helped Finland develop a stronger national identity

British biochemist who shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his investigations into the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes, and a key figure in the establishment of the Biochemical Society and Journal

American statesman, economist, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate who served as the 30th vice president of the United States

Irish poet, playwright, and politician who received the 1923 Nobel Prize in Literature for his inspired poetry and served as a Senator of the Irish Free State

King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 1910 to 1936, and a notable philatelist

Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect

Finnish painter and pioneer of national art who became a leading figure of romantic nationalism, shaping Finnish identity through iconic works

Austrian chemist and Nobel laureate known for his research on colloids, co-inventing the slit-ultramicroscope, and developing membrane filters

Swedish geographer and explorer known for his extensive expeditions across Central Asia, mapping the Transhimalaya and sources of major rivers, and documenting his travels as a writer, photographer, and illustrator

Finnish lawyer, politician, and university teacher who became the first President of Finland (1919–1925) and a key pioneer of republicanism

German prince, military personnel, and politician who became the first King of the Belgians, reigning from 1831 to 1865

Hungarian physician who pioneered antiseptic hand washing procedures and reduced maternal mortality from childbed fever by requiring healthcare workers to disinfect their hands

French philosopher, politician, and economist widely regarded as the "father of anarchism" and founder of mutualist philosophy