Born and died in 1862

Belgian playwright and Nobel Prize winner known for Symbolist dramas exploring death and the meaning of life

French classical composer, pianist, and music critic who was among the most influential composers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, pioneering an evocative style often associated with Impressionism

British physicist, mathematician, chemist, and crystallographer who uniquely shared the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics with his son for their work in X-ray crystallography

Hungarian-German physicist who won the 1905 Nobel Prize for his groundbreaking work on cathode rays and the photoelectric effect

Swedish ophthalmologist and physician awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his foundational work on the dioptrics of the eye

Austrian writer and dramatist known for his psychological dramas and narratives dissecting turn-of-the-century Viennese bourgeois life, a significant figure in Viennese Modernism

French statesman and Nobel Peace Prize laureate known for his eleven terms as Prime Minister and his dedication to international reconciliation during the interwar period

German physician, writer, and chess theoretician, considered one of the strongest players and most influential theoreticians of the late 19th and early 20th century

American writer, designer, poet, and novelist, known for portraying Gilded Age society and winning the first Pulitzer Prize for Fiction awarded to a woman

French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician who co-discovered the Biot–Savart law, established the reality of meteorites, made an early balloon flight, and extensively studied the polarization of light