Born and died in 1830

American poet known for her unique and profound exploration of life, death, and nature, whose work was largely discovered and celebrated posthumously

Queen of Spain whose reign from 1833 to 1868 was marked by political instability, military pronunciamientos, and personal controversy

Mexican general and politician who served as President of Mexico for over thirty years, leading the nation through the era known as the Porfiriato

French Provençal poet and lexicographer who won the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature and founded the Félibrige literary movement

German chemist and physician who was a pioneer in developing early versions of the periodic table of chemical elements

Danish-French Impressionist and Neo-Impressionist painter who bridged multiple artistic movements and exhibited in all eight Impressionist exhibitions

French author, poet, politician, and anarchist, a major figure in the Paris Commune and a key personality of anarchism

Irish-born American labor and community organizer, known as Mother Jones, who championed workers' rights, fought child labor, and co-founded the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

English-American photographer and inventor known for his pioneering studies of motion and early work in motion-picture projection

French geographer, writer, and anarchist known for his 19-volume masterwork, La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, and his unwavering political activism

The 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who also pursued passions as an author and composer

Venezuelan statesman and military officer known as El Libertador, who led Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela to independence from the Spanish Empire

French-Swiss politician, writer on politics and religion, philosopher, and diarist known for his contributions to liberal thought and constitutional theory

Venezuelan general and politician, known as the "Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho," who was a primary leader in South America's independence from the Spanish Empire and served as president of Bolivia

French mathematician and physicist known for Fourier series, Fourier analysis, and the discovery of the greenhouse effect