Born and died in 1808

Algerian religious and military leader, scientist, author, and resistance fighter known for leading the struggle against French colonial invasion

French general and politician who served as the third President of the French Republic and was elevated to Marshal of France by Napoleon III

President of the Second French Republic, Emperor of the Second French Empire, and last monarch of France, known for rapid industrialization and infrastructure expansion

French artist, engraver, and satirist renowned for his incisive social and political caricatures and profound depictions of everyday life in 19th-century France