Born and died in 1919

American Nobel Prize-winning chemist who illuminated the nature of chemical bonding, especially in boranes, and later studied protein structures

Indian Prime Minister (1997-1998), diplomat, and independence activist known for his regional diplomacy approach in South Asia

Soviet and Russian small arms designer renowned for creating the AK-47 assault rifle and its subsequent improvements

British novelist, poet, and playwright, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature for her powerful portrayal of the female experience and scrutiny of civilization

Canadian politician and lawyer who served as the 15th Prime Minister of Canada in two non-consecutive terms

Chinese politician who served as Premier and General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, known for his political reforms and support during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests

78th Prime Minister of Japan who led the nation from 1991 to 1993

British actor known for his intense performances and prolific career across more than 250 stage, film, and television roles

American economist and Nobel Memorial Prize laureate known for developing public choice theory and its contractual and constitutional bases for economic and political decision-making

Spanish poet, writer, actor, historian, translator, and literary critic, known for her works exploring the history and culture of Cantabria

Italian cyclist known as Il Campionissimo, who won the Giro d'Italia five times and the Tour de France twice, excelling in climbing, time trialing, and sprinting

Indian novelist and poet who powerfully chronicled the human cost of the Partition of India and championed women's stories.

French painter and sculptor known as a leading figure in Impressionism, celebrated for his vibrant depictions of beauty and feminine sensuality, with a legacy rooted in artistic traditions from Rubens to Watteau

Swiss chemist who won the 1913 Nobel Prize for developing coordination chemistry theory and proposing octahedral configuration of metal complexes

Australian politician and one of the fathers of Federation, who served three terms as the second Prime Minister of Australia

Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist who led the expansion of the American steel industry and became one of the richest Americans in history

German chemist and 1902 Nobel Prize winner who discovered Fischer esterification, developed the Fischer projection, and proposed the lock and key mechanism of enzyme action

English physicist and hereditary peer, Nobel laureate known for the discovery of argon and gas density investigations

American author best known for his children's fantasy books, particularly The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, who also worked as a screenwriter, actor, poet, and editor

Mexican revolutionary and guerrilla leader who championed land reform and inspired the Zapatismo movement

Hungarian poet and journalist regarded as the greatest Hungarian poet of the 20th century, known for his exploration of love, temporality, faith, individuality, and patriotism

Swedish painter, illustrator, and graphic artist known for his idyllic watercolors of family life and contributions to the Arts and Crafts movement

Polish-German Marxist theorist and revolutionary who co-founded the Spartacus League and championed socialist democracy, known for her influential writings on imperialism and revolution

26th President of the United States, Nobel Peace Laureate, naturalist, author, and pioneering conservationist