Born and died in 1917

German writer and Nobel Prize laureate known for his post-World War II literature and contributions to German letters

American theoretical physicist known for his causal and deterministic interpretation of quantum theory and contributions to the philosophy of mind

British science fiction writer, inventor, and futurist who co-created 2001: A Space Odyssey and pioneered scientifically grounded speculative fiction

American physicist who won the Nobel Prize for his theory on the asymmetrical shapes of atomic nuclei

Japanese association football player and manager who played for and managed the Japan national team

English physiologist and biophysicist who, with Alan Hodgkin, won the Nobel Prize for their discoveries on nerve impulse transmission

India's first and only female Prime Minister, a central figure in Indian politics and leader of the Indian National Congress for over 15 years

South Korean army officer and politician who served as the third President, known for leading a period of intense economic growth and transformation from 1962 to 1979

British actress known for her iconic roles during Hollywood's Golden Age and a career spanning five decades

American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, and composer who co-founded bebop and pioneered Afro-Cuban jazz, known for his bent horn and vivacious performances

American actress and humanitarian who was blacklisted by Hollywood and became a lifelong activist for social causes

American jazz pianist and composer known for his unique improvisational style, distinctive stage presence, and iconic compositions like "'Round Midnight" and "Blue Monk"

French sculptor and artist, considered the founder of modern sculpture, known for iconic works such as The Thinker and The Gates of Hell

French sociologist who formally established the academic discipline of sociology and is a principal architect of modern social science

Dutch exotic dancer and courtesan, Mata Hari captivated European audiences before being convicted and executed as a German spy during World War I

French Impressionist artist renowned for his captivating pastel drawings and oil paintings of dancers and urban life

Swiss Nobel laureate and pioneering surgeon known for his revolutionary work on the thyroid gland and the introduction of aseptic surgical techniques

American composer and pianist known as the "King of Ragtime," whose iconic "Maple Leaf Rag" shaped a genre and whose music was celebrated posthumously

French novelist, art critic, and journalist known for transgressive novels exploring violence, abuse, and psychological detachment, translated into 30 languages

American frontiersman and showman who founded Buffalo Bill's Wild West, a spectacle that popularized the image of the American Old West