Born and died in 1904

Cuban novelist, essayist, and musicologist who greatly influenced Latin American literature during its famous boom period

German-Canadian physicist and physical chemist who won the 1971 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on the electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals

French physicist and Nobel laureate recognized for his fundamental discoveries in antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism, crucial for solid state physics applications

First President of Nigeria and a driving force behind the country's independence, widely regarded as the father of Nigerian nationalism

American organic chemist who discovered crown ethers and shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1987 for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity

British writer, playwright, and literary critic regarded as one of the leading novelists of the 20th century

Indian politician and statesman who served as Prime Minister of India from 1964 to 1966, following his role as Home Minister

British-American actress known for portraying dignified women and being a top box-office draw during Hollywood's Golden Age

English-American novelist, playwright, and screenwriter known for "Goodbye to Berlin" and his contributions to gay fiction

American jazz pianist, bandleader, and composer known for the Count Basie Orchestra and shaping the swing era with his minimalist piano and driving rhythm section

American biochemist and Nobel laureate who was the first to isolate and crystallize a virus, bridging the gap between living and non-living matter

American diplomat, educator, and political scientist who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his mediation in the Arab-Israeli conflict

Faroese physician and scientist who won the 1903 Nobel Prize for pioneering light therapy to treat diseases like lupus vulgaris

Hungarian Jewish journalist, lawyer, and politician, renowned as the father of modern political Zionism and the visionary behind the Jewish State

English-American photographer and inventor known for his pioneering studies of motion and early work in motion-picture projection

Hungarian novelist, dramatist, and revolutionary leader whose romantic novels captivated Victorian England and earned him comparisons to Charles Dickens

Czech composer who masterfully blended the folk music of his native Bohemia and Moravia with classical symphonic traditions, known for works like Symphony No. 9 "New World"

Queen of Spain whose reign from 1833 to 1868 was marked by political instability, military pronunciamientos, and personal controversy

French painter and sculptor celebrated for his academic historical and Orientalist works, and an influential teacher to generations of artists